WAEC GCE Business Management Syllabus 2025/2026
The 2025/2026 WAEC GCE Business Management syllabus is designed to assess candidates’ understanding of business principles, organizational structures, management functions, and entrepreneurship. It prepares students for careers in business administration, management, and commerce.
This syllabus applies to candidates sitting for the West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) for Private Candidates (GCE). It emphasizes both theoretical knowledge and practical application of business and management concepts.
Scheme of Examination
- Paper 1: Objectives
- 50 multiple-choice questions
- Duration: 1 hour
- Marks: 50
- Paper 2: Essay
- Section A: Four theory questions; answer two
- Section B: Five application-based questions; answer three
- Duration: 2 hours
- Marks: 100
Core Syllabus Topics
1. Introduction to Business Management
- Meaning, scope, and importance
- Objectives and functions of business
- Types of business activities
2. Forms of Business Ownership
- Sole proprietorship, partnership, joint-stock companies
- Co-operatives, public enterprises
- Features, advantages, and disadvantages
3. Business Environment
- Internal and external environments
- Economic, legal, political, and technological factors
- SWOT analysis
4. Management Principles
- Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling
- Levels of management
- Decision-making and delegation
5. Organizational Structure
- Line, line-and-staff, functional, matrix structures
- Span of control and chain of command
- Formal vs. informal organizations
6. Communication in Business
- Types: verbal, written, non-verbal
- Channels and barriers
- Importance of effective communication
7. Leadership and Motivation
- Leadership styles: autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire
- Motivation theories: Maslow, Herzberg
- Incentives and morale
8. Production Management
- Types of production: job, batch, mass
- Production planning and control
- Quality assurance and inventory management
9. Marketing Management
- Marketing mix (4Ps)
- Market segmentation and targeting
- Sales promotion and advertising
10. Financial Management
- Sources of finance
- Budgeting and financial planning
- Profit and loss analysis
11. Human Resource Management
- Recruitment and selection
- Training and development
- Performance appraisal and labor relations
12. Entrepreneurship
- Characteristics of entrepreneurs
- Business plan development
- Risk-taking and innovation
13. Business Ethics and Social Responsibility
- Ethical issues in business
- Corporate social responsibility
- Consumer protection and fair trade
Sample Questions
Objective Example:
Which of the following is a function of management?
- Advertising
- Planning
- Selling
- Transporting
Answer: B. Planning
Essay Example:
Explain five differences between a sole proprietorship and a partnership.
Answer Tip: Focus on ownership, liability, decision-making, capital, and continuity.